TENGENAN VILLAGE

Tenganan Village has maintained its ancient pre Hindu customs through a strong code of non-fraternization with outsiders. Tenganan Pegeringsingan is one of the most conservative villages of the Bali Aga "original Balinese". Tenganan is also well known for its geringsing cloth or double ikat. Through an intricate process of weaving and dyeing, known only here, a single cloth takes five years to complete. which is supposed to protect the wearer with magic powers. Here unique rituals offering dances, and gladiator ( the fight of the Pandanus leaves) takes place only once a year.

On a side-road, leading inland to the hills near Karangasem, is Tenganan, one of the most conservative villages of the BaliAga11 original" Balinese. This is a walled village. Within the bastions, all living compounds are identical in plan and are arranged in rows on either side of the wide, stone-paved lanes which run the length of the village. The people of Tenganan claim to have come originally from Bedulu. The legend of how they acquired their land dates from the 14th century: the mighty king Dalem Bedaulu lost his favorite horse and sent the villagers of his kingdom in all directions in search of it. The men of Tenganan traveled east and found the corpse of the horse.

When the king thereafter offered to reward them, they requested the land where the horse was found, i.e. all the area in which the carcass of the dead horse could be smelt. The king sent an official. With a keen sense of smell to partition the land. For days, the chief of Tenganan led the official through the hills, yet still the air was polluted with odor of dead horse. At last, the tired official decided this was enough land and departed. After he had left, the BaliAga chief pulled from his clothing a very smelly remnant of the horse's flesh.

Tenganan still owns, communally, these large tracts of well cultivated land. Traditionally, the men were not accustomed to work in the fields with their own hands and hired out their land to men of neighboring villages. The aristocratic Tenganese went to the fields chiefly to collect tuak, a popular palm beer. The women of this village weave the famous "flaming" cloth, kamben gringsing, which supposedly has the power to immunize the wearer against evil vibrations.
Through an intricate process of weaving and dyeing, known only here, a Single cloth takes five years to complete. Only the finest pieces are worn by Tenganan people for ceremonial dress. The imperfect ones are sold, since they are much in demand throughout Bali.

During ceremonies here, girls, from the age of two, wrap their bodices in silk, don a multi colored scarf and flowered crowns of beaten gold. Men begin to play the mysterious melodies of the gamelan selunding, an archaic orchestra of iron sound-bars, seldom heard outside a few cloistered villages in the east. Very slowly the girls file out of the darkness, their eyes cast to the ground. Silently, they lift their scarfs and let them fail again, always moving in slow, dreamlike elegance. This is Rejang, a ritual offering dance.

The Fight of the Pandanus Leaves at Tenganan takes place only once a year during a festival called Usaba sambah. To the accompaniment of the sacred gamelan selunding, two men each within round, plaited shield attack each other with wads of pandanus leaves, the variety with thorns down either side of the leaf. The two favorite tactics are to rush and clench the opponent. The clench has one disadvantage: while one man rubs this thorny wad across his opponent's back, he is rather open to the same treatment. Occasionally, the earnestness of an expression makes one wonder if an insult is not being repaid. During this festival, ferries wheels, such as you pass on the road past Klungkung, are set up on the rising terraces of the village. Some have one wheel of seats, others two, and the whole wooden contraption is turned by the foot-power of two men at the tops of the poles on either side. Within a few kilometers of Tenganan are other conservative and secluded villages that enact, unchanged, rituals peculiar to them. At Asak, dancers sweep their hair in a great coil to one side, as seen in old stone statues of noblewomen. Men play the ancient gamelan gambang of wooden keys. Beyong Tenganan, the main road crosses a pass overlooking a huge valley. At the highest point, where drivers often place offerings, a path climbs steeply up to Pura Gumang and a great view.

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